Bridge design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bridge design - Coursework Example This old bridge carries gas pipelines along with phone cables which are needed to be accommodated in new design as well. Also this bridge provides a secondary path over the railway lines, thus providing an easy and safe transportation of pedestrians across the railway lines. Idea of stayed bridge was first introduced in 16th century which was then furnished to produce an engineered cable stayed bridge after Second World War. This engineered bridge was constructed in Europe to provide pedestrians with the shortest path to their destination. Cable stayed bridges are considered to be like ordinary suspension bridge as their physical appearance resemble a lot. These bridges differ from suspension bridges in a way that the suspension bridges are having two towers but cable stayed bridges make use of only a single tower to hold all the load of deck and traffic moving on the deck. In cable stayed bridges, the single tower is responsible of holding all the compressional forces acting on the bridge and tension is distributed by making use of stays. Such bridges are having specialized orthotropic decks which are furnished with continuous girders and stays for support. The analysis of such bridges is carried out by making use of linear elastic analysis. This technique is used because of the triangulated force approach used in the construction of stayed bridge. In real time applications, bridge is subjected to a number of torsional and shear forces that are being applied through the environment like, air currents, deformation of structure, load distributions etc. but currently we are not concerned with these parameters and considering only the live and dead loads. A typical suspension bridge force vector is shown below: The purpose of conducting this research is to come up with the best bridge design which is economically as well as socially feasible. Major concern is to construct a project which can be conveniently handled by the crew of county works while erecting

The Truman Show Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Truman Show - Assignment Example The film appropriately shows the dilemma of identity experienced by Truman as he wonders whether is life is real or is part of a staged drama, with its script written by other controllers. This dilemma which he experiences is part of the multiphrenia referred to by Gergen in many respects. First, the self population of Truman in his own life and the presence of a large audience watching Truman’s activities through hidden cameras is a determinant of the fact that Truman has a multiple sense of ‘self’ where one is himself and the other is the Truman being watched by the audience. Even the world around Truman is part of the staged â€Å"reality† based in the sets of Seahaven thereby creating an artificial world for Truman to dwell in. While every other character in the show is an actor, Truman is one who is just living his life like a supposedly normal individual, but which is a show for the world outside. Although Truman seems to be quite a popular character from the television show, it is important to understand that Truman himself has been isolated from the external world just as Gergen described is an implication of the inculcation of more and more individual values. Before being himself, Truman is put in front of others in the world making him an object similar to a commodity or a good that is understood in terms of its demand among the people. Gergen gives a critical thought on the set of interpretations made by the audiences who base their meanings out of some pre-knowledge gained through experience. Gergen has called this ‘forestructure’ or ‘perspective’ which is a set of prior understandings which enable an individual to derive meanings out of any textual or verbal information. Since the same perspective has now adopted multiple forms, there has been an increase in the complexity of truth. This fact also introduces confusion as to concept of rationality within an individual. Although Truman is able to f ind his way out of the fake world he had been forced into. In many ways, Truman is living an ideal life: one which is illusory and fake, and the way his life differs from an average human being largely lies in the perception of Truman’s world.  

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta Shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh delta: A fractal dimension approach Sugata Hazra Anirban Mukhopadhyay#, Sandip Mukherjee, Abhra Chanda and Tuhin Ghosh Abstract The lower deltaic plain of Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh is a tidally active flood plain with anastomosing network of rivers and tidal creeks. The rapidly changing morphology of this delta is mainly due to huge sediment discharge transported down the drainage basins, it’s redistribution by tides and currents , erosion, deposition and sea level change. The shape complexity of this delta mainly near the estuaries has been a major concern for the Geomorphologists for a long time. During the recent past, the study of morphology and landscape evolution has gone through a radical change due to the advent of remote sensing techniques. The present research attempts an analysis the shape change dynamics of this deltaic island region of Sundarban for the last two decades on the basis of fractal dimension index coupled with modern remote sensing techniques. It is observed that the shape of the islands with respect to their margin irregularities are being caused due to the change in fractal geometry at the micro level which in turn is a function of sea level rise over this time period. Key words: Delta shape complexity; fractal dimension, Sundarban; Sea level rise. 1. Introduction Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh comprises a huge network of small alluvial islands formed by the deposition of sediments, transported down the drainage basins of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers system (Gopal et al., 2006). Deltaic erosion and morphological change are continuously seen in the Sundarban region (Ghosh et al., 2003). Innumerable tidal creeks and channels with diurnal flow reversal and rapidly changing land forms make this delta a very dynamic one. Islands are undergoing erosion and accretion, therefore the morphology is continuously changing. The changes in the morphology are mainly driven by the variable supply of sediments (Brammer, 1993) and sea level change. Shape analysis is a process which identifies the pattern of landscape. The process describes distinction between regularity and irregularity of shape (). The prime objective of the shape analysis is to understand spatial pattern of a geographical phenomena and its possible cause and predicts a probable future pattern (). Shape index, in terms of magnitude of roundness of the object or the measure of irregularity in terms of roundness, is a statistical method to quantify shape of any unit of area. In a geographic context, shape is often characterized through a compactness indicator, which describes the form of a given region based on how far it deviates from a specified norm (e.g., circle, square, or triangle). The method for calculating this number utilizes one or more of the geometric parameters of the region being measured, such as area or perimeter (Elizabeth Wentz). The surface of the earth and especially landforms are always changing due to ever dynamic exogenetic forces contributing over the transformation of landforms in every moment of time. Due to this dynamism, the shapes of the landforms are not static outside a specific scale of time thus by creating the irregularity of shapes during the transformation process. Considering the transformation process as the media, we are required to examine the quantitative characterization of the shape irregularities of deltaic islands over the progressive temporal periods. The goal of the paper is to improve the ability to compar e the shape dynamics caused due to external factors thereof over two decadal periods. Also it is to suggest a method for improving the ability to compare the shape of landforms in a GIS environment with statistical base that is less dependent on direct human intervention or intuition or visual interpretation.[t1] As the fractional geometry especially known as fractal dimension of the object is a fundamental component of the object’s geometry to measure the irregularity. Fractal dimension is a fractionary value that describes the irregular of an object and how much of the space it occupies. It is a measure of how fragmented a fractal object is which may be understood as a characterization of its self-similarity (Backes and Bruno, 2008). We have taken this element as independent variable on the micro analytical base and by extracting the same for detection of overall shape change and the temporal dynamics of islands as the dependent variable on the macro analytical base over two decades. Sea level rise is found to be causal factor behind this dynamics. Present study aims at shape complexity dynamics study of Bangladesh Sunderban from 1999 to 2010 in the framework of Fractal Dimension (FD) and Shape Index (SI) analysis. 2. Study area and datasets Bangladesh, a low lying flood plain delta is the land of rivers and canals. This[t2] delta is formed at the confluence of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system and their respective tributaries. Pramanik (1983) has divided the coastal zone of Bangladesh into three main regions namely eastern region, central region and western region. Our present study is mainly on the islands of central and western coastal regions. Central coastal zone extends from Feni river estuary to the eastern corners of the Sunderban. The zone receives a large volume of silt deposition from Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna river system. The sediment load comprises more than 70% of the silt with additional 10% sand (Sarwar, 2005). The morphology of this zone is very much dynamic due to huge river discharge and strong current leading to high rate of erosion and accretion. Numerous islands are located in this region. Many islands have formed by the accretion and many have disappeared in last few years due to erosion. Western region is mainly covered by Sunderban mangrove forest. Due to presence of mangrove forest this zone is comparatively stable in terms of erosion. The main characteristics of this zone are mangrove swamps, tidal creeks and mud flats. This region lies at 0.9 to 2.1 m above mean sea level (Iftekhar and Islam, 2004). Soil is of mainly silt loam or alluvial type. This region is very important for tourism due to Sunderban[t3]. Landsat TM-5 images of the year 1999 and 2010, 30 m spatial resolution, of Bangladesh Sunderban have been taken for this study. The path/row no of this datasets is[t4] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA) is taken for measurement of regional mean sea level using Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter. The sea level rise is computed from the tide gauge measurement of various observatory of Bangladesh such as Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga. Figure 1 3. Methodology The step by step procedures have been followed to examine the fact and to establish the concept. The raster and vector data processing and statistical analysis have been implemented in the remote sensing and GIS environment, the detail of which is furnished in the flow chart: Figure 2 3.1 Satellite data processing Two satellite imagery of different time (1999 and 2010) is taken into consideration in this study. Landsat TM-5 datasets were downloaded from the http://glovis.usgs.gov website. All the datasets are projected in UTM projection with zone no 45 and WGS 84 datum. 3.2 Measurement sea surface height variation The measurement of regional mean sea level and sea level anomaly is computed from satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA-built Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter using C band, 5.3 GHz, and Ku band, 13.6 GHz, and POSEIDON (CNES-built solid State Nadir pointing Radar Altimeter using Ku band, 13.65 GHz). The datasets are analyzed for measuring sea surface height from the year 1992 to 2012. Inverted barometer correction was applied to improve thedata quality (). 3.3 Delta morphology analysis This raster data format is changed to vector format by three successive stages. First is the digitization of the raw images in line layers. Once digitization is successfully completed, topology was built followed by the polygon building. After polygon building, creek and landmass layers are separated for two years. The landmass layers of polygons have converted to raster format again in order to use as the input for fractal dimension and shape index calculation in Fragstats (version 4.1) software. Fractal dimension and shape index are calculated using equation 1 and 2 (Jorge and Garcia, 1997). Shape Index = (1) Where, P is the perimeter of the polygon and A is the polygon area. If the polygon value is 1.0 it expresses maximum compaction, where the shape is circular. As the shape becomes more complex the SI increases. FractalDimension Index (D) = (2) The self similarity ratio and N is the number of step size here. Then[t5] the curve is defined as self-similar with fractal dimension D. FD of a curve may be any value D ranges from 1.0 to less than 2.0 for lines, and from 2.0 to less than 3.0 for surfaces. The higher the spatial complexity of a line or surface, the higher its fractal dimension (Nayak, 2008). Index Number Analysis[t6] is carried out to calculate the gradual changes of both the factors having the base year as 1999. The Simple Aggregative Index of FD (Eq. 3) and Simple Aggregative Index of SI (Eq. 4) are calculated to identify the change in FD and SI. The Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) is also computed to see the relative change of SI and FD during the period 1999 and 2010 (Eq. 5). It is a compound index calculated from Laspeyres’s Index and Paasche’s Index (). The relation between FD and SI is analysed in terms of regression and correlation to identify the relation between island shape and fractal geometry[t7]. Simple Aggregative Index of FD (I0n) = (∑pn / ∑p0) x 100(3) Simple Aggregative Index of SI (I0n) = (∑qn / ∑q0) (4) Fisher’s Ideal Index(5) Laspeyres’s Index = ∑qn p0/ ∑q0 p0 Paasche’s Index = ∑qn pn/ ∑q0 pn Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) = √(Laspeyres’s Index/ Paasche’s Index) x 100 Result and discussion Statistical analysis of change in delta morphology †¦..[t8] The histograms of Fractal Dimension Index (Figure 3) and Shape Index (Figure 4) have been analyzed separately to examine the general statistical trends of the data. The summery of the histograms of FD and SI of the year 1999 is listed in the Table[t9] 1. It is observed that the modal frequency class has been defragmented into the higher FD values beyond the median range of 1.056 in 2010 and also the fractal diversity increases by 2 new classes in this year. The histograms of FD and SI of the year 2010 are summarized in the Table 2. It is perceived that despite of being the modal class persistent, the frequency in the modal class is defragmented and distributed into higher SI classes beyond the median value of 1.475 and also 4 new SI classes are detected in the progressive period of 2010. Figure 3 Table 1 Figure 4 Table 2 The Simple Aggregative Index of FD and SI are shown (Box 1) which is 101.49% and 117.26% respectively. The Simple Aggregative Index shows there is only 1.49% increase in FDI whereas SI increases by 17.26% in between 1999 and 2010, revealing about 8.63% changing effect of FDI over Shape Index. The Simple Aggregative Index of FDI and SI have confirmed that both the FDI and SI increases in this period and there is a definite changing effect of fractal geometry over the shape of the islands between 1999 to 2010 whereas the magnitude of the changing effect is only 8.63%. The Fisher’s[t10] Ideal Index (Box 1) shows that the SI has increased with respect to FD by 5.19% from 1999 to 2010. It is signifying the there is a positive increase of shape diversity with respect to fractal diversity within the specified time period. Relationship between FD and SI The scatter plots and linear regression of FD and SI for 1999 and 2010 depicts that there is a strong positive relation of FD and SI of the Islands. The magnitude of Pearson’s correlation (r-value) increases with strong positive response in the 2010 is revealing that trend of changing shape diversity of Islands in terms of FD is increasing towards the gradual period. Both the r-values are positive and it is also evident that the relation of Island shapes with their fractal geometry becomes stronger in the progressive period of 2010 as the r-values have changed from 0.44 to 0.73. Figure 5 The causal factor of Shape Dynamics-Sea Level Changes To find the root cause of the shape[t11] dynamics of delta region, two main exogenetic factors have been examined on spatio-temporal basis such as creek density and sea level change. Creeks density is calculated for the year 1999 to 2010 by dividing the length of creek with the area of the island, which shows there is also a trend of gradual increase especially in mangrove forest area on the sea shore margin. It is observed that values of creek density increases towards the sea shore region where the sea water along with wave action is more active rather than dynamic river water in the inland areas which is shown in the Figure 6. Except one region the creek density is higher on the sea margin. The increase creek density may be the reason for formation of several islands in the central coastal zone due to defragmentation. Figure 6 The temporal data of sea level changes of three observation points i.e., Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga (Figure 7) are analyzed to identify the sea level changes within 1979 to 2000, shown in Figure 8. The progressive graph of the data of this temporal period exhibits an average positive gradual trend of sea level rise in this region. Figure 7 Figure 8 To examine the causal source of that diversity and we have definitely found that there remains [t12]a positive sea level anomaly of 2.80 mm in between 1992 to 2012 in the concerned region (Figure 9). The fact again signifies that the sea level rise in the study area which contributes the changes of delta morphology capture in fractal geometry ultimately resulting into dynamism of island shapes over the progressive temporal period[t13]. Figure[t14] 9 Conclusion The objective of the present study is to analyse the shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh Sunderban delta in between 1999 to 2010. The dynamism of the delta shapes is analysed using in terms of fractal dimension and shape index. The change in fractional geometry of island/delta within the specified time period is captured and the observations are strengthening with the help of other statistical indices. The analysis of FD and SI parameters of islands indicate that there is an exponential relation of Shape complexity with the changing FD within 1999 to 2010. The[t15] shape complexity of the islands of Bangladesh is increasing which is clearly evident from this study. There may be several factors for this complexity. Of these, sea level rise and creek density are important factors because Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to sea level rise (Brammer et al., 1993). But still there is no specific regional scenario for net sea level rise because the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta is still active and having dynamic morphology and delivers approximately 1.6 billion tone sediment at the face of Bangladesh annually (Broadus, 1993), while there are some parts where land is subsiding due to tectonic activities (Huq et al., 1996). So this sediment replenishment is considered to balance subsidence of delta (Agarwala et al., 2003). This sediment deposition along with strong tidal current is the reason for the formation of some new islands in the central coastal zone in last few years. But still it needs more detail scientific study to reveal the dynamic s of this delta complex and a lot of time series data of sea level rise to comment on this. It is also notable that result FD computation is varies over the scales. Hence, the observation and conclusion is valid only on the existing scale over which the experiment is carried out. It is also pointed out that further study may be undertaken to make more reasonable judgment over it. [t1]Need modification [t2]Co-ordinate, geographical extent [t3]No. of islands taken into consideration [t4]Path / row [t5]Model name [t6]What these indices indicates or signify [t7]Why used in this study (indices) [t8]Write something here [t9]Analyse more about table 1 and 2 [t10]Significance [t11]Is there any other cause like thermal expansion . at least mention it [t12]modify [t13]overall comments: write something about physical significance at least one or two paragraph. Things are statistically analysed physical significance and observation is necessary. [t14]Try to give a or two delta figure of two time with FD and SI value ebbraded to show the change in shape and FD relation. [t15]Check the conclution once

Before Iran-Contra :: essays research papers

Before Iran-Contra: The Development of Latin American Foreign Policy During the Reagan Administration When the Reagan administration first took office early in 1981, many of its key members wanted to make a move as soon as possible in response to the growing realm of Soviet power in the world. One area that the U.S. felt a lot of pressure from was Latin America. Even before the advent of communism, US influence in Latin America was always a touchy subject. As early as Teddy Roosevelt’s term as president, the US began a course of foreign policy that protected US investments in Latin America. While being decidedly pro-imperialistic in the dealings with these small neighbors, Roosevelt created a â€Å"dollar diplomacy† relationship and resorted to a devious policy of â€Å"preventive intervention† in dealings with Latin America. Not surprisingly, there were not many American supporters in those countries, except, of course, for the American companies exploiting the native populations to maximize profits. But not until the late seventies, with the threat of communist expansion into Central America, did the US again focus their attention on Latin American foreign policy affairs. From the beginning, the Reagan administration displayed concern about Nicaragua becoming another Cuba. Nicaragua showed signs of becoming an armed camp from which trained guerillas would be sent into the neighboring countries to start revolutionary movements, and the US began to think that their only choice was military intervention. But support for military intervention was not very popular in the US among the public and legislature. The first Boland Amendment of 1982 capped the US monetary support for the contra rebels, and in successive years, amendments to the Boland Amendment dropped that number dangerously low. Congress remembered the lessons of the Vietnam War, and wanted to avoid the slow, steady build up to all-out war. Also, many of Reagan’s most trusted advisors were leftovers from the Nixon era. They had watched Vietnam fall shortly after the U.S. withdraw, followed closely by Laos and Cambodia, and the situation in Nicaragua seemed eerily familiar. Cringing at the memory of leaving millions of South Vietnamese American supporters to suffer a dismal fate at the hands of the NVA and People’s Republic of Vietnam, the Reagan Administration was careful not to get so involved in the situation that they could not wash their hands of it if necessary. Therefore, the US’s plan for challenging communism in Latin America changed.

Health care workforce and health care delivery Essay

How are the health care workforce and health care delivery affected by generational differences? Millions of generations have worked so hard to contribute to some of the challenges within the workforce. Every generation has inner deep values formulated by the era in which they were born and some life experiences. The work ethics, perceptions of others and communication styles are the inner deep values that affect experiences at work. According to research, the workforce transitioned from a two generation workforce (Matures and Boomers) to three generations (Matures, Boomers and Generation X).The mature generation’s characteristics developed from experiences in the Great Depression. Responsibility and quality are key expectations of the Matures, as well as structure and respect. The Boomer generation, a larger part of the workforce who experienced an era of growth and prosperity requires praise and recognition, putting company needs before personal needs, while juggling multiple responsibilities with competence. Some nursing leaders have experienced some challenges in generational diversity as well as differences in perceptions, values, attitudes, work ethics and beliefs. It is important to develop the skills to look at generational differences through different perspective to allow the leaders to extend their leadership qualities and productivity, decrease conflicts and increase the contributions of every staff. It is important to resolve conflicts within the nursing team, otherwise if unresolved it can lead to a loss of productive time, errors, staff turnover, and decreased patient satisfaction. References Swenson.C.Human Resource Solutions. NURSING ECONOMIC$/January-February 2008/Vol. 26/No. 1.Retrieved on June 25, 2014 from https://www.nursingeconomics.net/necfiles/hrsolutions/hrs_JF08.pdfMorrison, J.L. (2007). Ideas to consider when Discuss the shortage of health care staff, aside from doctors and nurses. The health care system has been experiencing a shortage of health care workers for a number of years. This is difficult to understand because a number of people struggle to understand how the organization could suffer from worker shortages in the time of economic recession, when many Americans does not have a job and the unemployment rate is high. This is an explanation that points to the different employees that the healthcare organizations need, for the organization to work in an efficient manner. The health care workers at a professional level who provide direct health services such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists and laboratory technicians or those who offer support services such as financial officers, cooks, drivers and cleaners are integral to the organization. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, a shortage in just one part of that complex web of workers can stop other parts from functioning at their best. A perfect example is at the hospital where I work, there has been a few times when there has been no house keeper to cover the floor because they felt sick and had to leave. On few occasions it has created some problems whereby there was no one to do their work, because housekeeping supervisor could not find any one to cover that shift and it became a problem in a number of ways you could imagine. There was no house keeper to throw the trash that was filled up, no one to mop the dirty floors and clean the toilets. All the nurses and the doctors were busy with the patients and it was difficult to find time to start doing the house keeping work. I believe every job is very important whether professional of or unprofessional, we all do different tasks in the health care field to reach one common goal of impressing our consumers or patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) observed that developed countries, such as America are going through a shortage due to an increasing number of baby boomers in the population and increasingly high-tech healthcare. Research shows that the government and university leaders have underinvested in education for health care workers, with not many new health workers to replace their retiring colleagues. Reference: Internet Article-Why Healthcare is Experiencing Work Shortages. Miracle Workers Retrieved on June 25, 2014 from: http://www.careerbuilder.com/Article/CB-1806-Healthcare-Why-Healthcare-is-Experiencing-Work-Shortages

Learning and Sleep Essay

Title: 234 Provide support for sleep Level: 2 Credit Value: 2 GLH 13 Learning Outcomes The learner will; Assessment Criteria The learner can; 1. Understand the importance of sleep 1Explain how sleep contributes to an individual’s well-being 2Identify reasons why an individual may find it hard to sleep 3Describe the possible short-term and long-term effects on an individual who is unable to sleep well 2. Be able to establish conditions suitable for sleep 1 Describe conditions likely to be suitable for sleep 2 Minimise aspects of the environment likely to make sleep difficult for an individual. 3 Adjust own behaviour to contribute to a restful environment 4 Describe actions to take if the behaviour or movement of others hinders an individual’s ability to sleep 3. Be able to assist an individual to sleep 1Explain the importance of a holistic approach to assisting sleep 2Encourage the individual to communicate the support they need to sleep 3Assist the individual to find a position for sleep consistent with their plan of care 4Support the individual to use aids for sleep in ways that reflect the plan of care and follow agreed ways of working 4. BE ABLE TO MONITOR SLEEP 1ESTABLISH WITH THE INDIVIDUAL. and others how sleep will be monitored 2Record agreed observations relating to the individual’s sleep and the assistance given 5. Know how to access information and advice about difficulties with sleep 1Describe situations in which additional information or assistance about sleep would be needed 2Explain how to access additional information and assistance Additional information An individual is someone requiring care or support Agreed ways of working will include policies and procedures where these exist Others may include: †¢family †¢friends †¢advocates †¢line manager †¢health professionals. †¢others who are important to the individual’s well-being Unit aim (s) This unit is aimed at those working in a wide range of settings. It provides the learner with the knowledge and skills required to establish conditions suitable for sleep and support the individual to sleep. Assessment requirements specified by a sector or regulatory body (if appropriate) This unit must be assessed in accordance with Skills for Care and Development’s QCF Assessment Principles. Learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 must be assessed in a real work environment. Details of the relationship of the unit and relevant national occupational standards HSC216.

Restive and Restless - Commonly Confused Words - Restive versus Restless

Restive and Restless - Commonly Confused Words - Restive versus Restless Theres only a shade of difference between the words restive and restless, but its a shade worth paying attention to.The adjective restive means difficult to control or impatient in the face of restraint or authority. The adjective restless means unable to rest, relax, or remain still. Unlike restive, restless is not associated with external restraint. Also see the usage notes below. Examples: The only real answer to a  restive animal  is good schooling. Nothing upsets horses or ponies (or riders) more than a  restive animal  that will not stand quietly.(George Wheatley, The Young Riders Companion, 1981)If you have a burning, restless urge to write or paint, simply eat something sweet and the feeling will pass.(Fran Lebowitz, Metropolitan Life, 1978) Usage Notes: [T]he words [restive and restless] overlap considerably. The subtle distinction, says The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage (2005), is between restive, impatient with restriction, and restless, fidgety. But restive is often merely a synonym for restless. Some critics lament this development, says Garner 2003, but it seems irreversible.(Jan Freeman, Ambrose Bierces Write It Right. Walker, 2009)Restless is used for a person or thing that has or gives little rest: She spent a restless night worrying about the bills, Never more, Sailor / Shalt thou be / Tossed on the wind-ridden / Restless sea (Walter de la Mare). Restive is used for a person or thing that is uneasy, or impatient of authority: Horses can be restive creatures, anxious to be moving when they should be standing still.(Adrian Room, Dictionary of Confusable Words. Routledge, 2000)[A] patient who is sleeping poorly may be restless, but the same patient is restive only if kept in bed against his or her will.(Webster s New Essential Writers Companion. Houghton Mifflin, 2007) Practice:(a) My _____, roaming spirit would not allow me to remain at home very long.(Buffalo Bill Cody)(b) Pete was a _____ prisoner, and on February 27, 1945, he and a fellow convict escaped from Retrieve Prison Farm and made their way to Detroit before being recaptured by the FBI.(Douglas V. Meed, Texas Ranger Johnny Klevenhagen. Republic of Texas Press, 2000) Answers to Practice Exercises Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words Answers to Practice Exercises: Restive and Restless (a) My restless, roaming spirit would not allow me to remain at home very long.(Buffalo Bill Cody)(b) Pete was a restive prisoner, and on February 27, 1945, he and a fellow convict escaped from Retrieve Prison Farm and made their way to Detroit before being recaptured by the FBI.(Douglas V. Meed, Texas Ranger Johnny Klevenhagen. Republic of Texas Press, 2000) Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Malcolm X - Biography (for class-presentation)

Malcolm X - Biography (for class-presentation) Warning: I'm a german student.Be aware of mistakes.Thank you.These are my notes about Malcolm X when I do a presentation about him.Malcolm XBirth: May 9th 1925 in Omaha/NebraskaMother: born on Grenada and grew up thereFather: preacher, activist in first black civil rights movement founded by MarcusGarvey- Nebraska, Omaha (birth of Malcolm) than moved to Lansing (father was treated by the ‚„Ku-Klux-Klan‚“)- Malcolm is the fourth of eight children- 1931 bus ran over father some thought Suizide- Malcolm thought he was killed by a white man- was involved in crimes (stealing, marihuana, burglary)- in 1939 his mother was sent to a mental institution- after this X was sent to a youth centre in 1939- he moved to his half-sister in Boston- he stayed long times in the ghetto and began to smoke ‚„Sweet Marijane‚“- 1945: he founded a gang of burglars- 1946 he was caught by the police and was arrested (for 6 years)- 1949 he entered the N.o.Malcolm XI. (Nation of Is lam) he got confidence through this organization- came free in 1952- he denied military service a second time - Korea war- he changed his name in Malcolm X through the organisation- 1958 he married Betty Jean Sanders- he got 4 children- X founded the Muslim Mosque Inc (March 1964)- 3 years later: X travelled to Mekka, Saudi-Arabia, Beirut, Egypt, Nigeria and Ghana- Because of this trip he changed his name in El-Haji Malik El-Shabazz- After the trip he founded a new organization called organization of afro-american unity (OAAU) the mainaim was the black nationalism in a new way (Blacks should have control over their living environment)- X gave his last speech at the 18 Feb in 1965- Someone shot at X‚s breast with a shotgun.- X‚s two organizations (OAAU and the Muslim Mosque)...

Organizational Metaphor Definition and Examples

Organizational Metaphor Definition and Examples An organizational metaphor is a figurative comparison (that is, a metaphor, simile, or analogy) used to define the key aspects of an organization and/or explain its methods of operation. Organizational metaphors provide information about the value system of a company and about employers attitudes toward their customers and employees. Examples and Observations [M]etaphor is a basic structural form of experience by which human beings engage, organize, and understand their world. The organizational metaphor is a well-known way in which organizational experiences are characterized. We have come to understand organizations as machines, organisms, brains, cultures, political systems, psychic prisons, instruments of domination, etc. (Llewelyn 2003). The metaphor is a basic way in which human beings ground their experiences and continue to evolve them by adding new, related concepts that carry aspects of the original metaphor.(Kosheek Sewchurran and Irwin Brown, Toward an Approach to Generate Forward-Looking Theories Using Systemic Concepts. Researching the Future in Information Systems, ed. by Mike Chiasson, Ola Henfridsson, Helena Karsten, and Janice I. DeGross. Springer, 2011)What we may discover in analyzing organizational metaphors are complex relationships between thought and action, between shape and reflection.(Dvora Yanow, How Does a Pol icy Mean? Georgetown University Press, 1996) Frederick Taylor on Workers as Machines Perhaps the earliest metaphor used to define an organization was provided by Frederick Taylor, a mechanical engineer interested in better understanding the driving forces behind employee motivation and productivity. Taylor (1911) argued that an employee is very much like an automobile: if the driver adds gas and keeps up with the routine maintenance of the vehicle, the automobile should run forever. His  organizational metaphor for the most efficient and effective workforce was the well-oiled machine. In other words, as long as employees are paid fairly for their outputs (synonymous with putting gas into a vehicle), they will continue to work forever. Although both his view and metaphor (organization as machine) have been challenged, Frederick Taylor provided one of the first metaphors by which organizations operated. If an organizational employee knows that this is the metaphor that drives the organization, and that money and incentives are the true motivating factors, then this e mployee understands quite a bit about his organizational culture. Other popular metaphors that have surfaced over the years include organization as family, organization as system, organization as circus, organization as team, organization as culture, organization as prison, organization as organism, and the list goes on. (Corey Jay Liberman, Creating a Productive Workplace Culture and Climate: Understanding the Role of Communication and Socialization for Organizational Newcomers. Workplace Communication for the 21st Century: Tools and Strategies That Impact the Bottom Line, ed. by Jason S. Wrench. ABC-CLIO, 2013) Wal-Mart Metaphors The people-greeters give you the feeling that you are part of the Wal-Mart family and they are glad you stopped by. They are trained to treat you like a neighbor because they want you to think of Wal-Mart as your neighborhood store. Sam [Walton] called this approach to customer service aggressive hospitality. (Michael Bergdahl, What I Learned From Sam Walton: How to Compete and Thrive in a Wal-Mart World. John Wiley Sons, 2004)Lawyers representing these women [in the court case Wal-Mart v. Dukes] . . . claimed that Wal-Marts family model of management relegated women to a complementary yet subordinate role; by deploying a family metaphor within the company, Wal-Marts corporate culture naturalized the hierarchy between their (mostly) male managers and a (mostly) female workforce (Moreton, 2009).  (Nicholas Copeland and Christine Labuski, The World of Wal-Mart: Discounting the American Dream. Routledge, 2013)Framing Wal-Mart as a kind of David in a battle with Goliath is no accident al moveWal-Mart, of course, has worn the nickname of the retail giant in the national media for over a decade, and has even been tagged with the alliterative epithet the bully from Bentonville. Attempts to turn the tables of this metaphor challenge the person-based language that otherwise frames Wal-Mart as a behemoth bent on expansion at all costs. (Rebekah Peeples Massengill, Wal-Mart Wars: Moral Populism in the Twenty-First Century. New York University Press, 2013) Think of Wal-Mart as a giant steamroller moving across the global economy, pushing down the costs of everything in its pathincluding wages and benefitsas it squeezes the entire production system.   (Robert B. Reich, Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life. Knopf, 2007)After experiencing the flaws of having someone in Bentonville make decisions about human resources in Europe, Wal-Mart decided to move critical support functions closer to Latin America.The metaphor it used for describing this decision is that the organization is an organism. As the head of People for Latin American explains, in Latin America Wal-Mart was growing a new organism. If it was to function independently, the new organization needed its own vital organs. Wal-Mart defined three critical organsPeople, Finance, and Operationsand positioned them in a new Latin American regional unit. (Kaihan Krippendorff, The Way of Innovation: Master the Five Elements of Change to Reinvent Your Products, Services, and Organization. Platinum Press, 2003) The Big Tent Metaphor In what many observers will see as the de facto expression of mainstream U.S. Jewrys outlook on J Street, members of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations voted 22-17 (with three abstentions) to reject the membership application of the self-labeled pro-Israel, pro-peace lobby. . .   J Street said in a statement, This is a sad day for us, but also for the American Jewish community and for a venerable institution that has chosen to bar the door to the communal tent to an organization that represents a substantial segment of Jewish opinion on Israel. Jewish leaders have used a big tent metaphor to describe which views on Israel and U.S. foreign policy are encompassed within the communitys consensus. Since its formation in 2008, J Street has been a frequent subject of debates on how far that tent stretches, and the groups bid to join the Conference of Presidents proved no different. Alina Dain Sharon and Sean Savage, J Street Rejected by Umbrella Group. (Heritage Florida Jewish News, May 9, 2014) Football as a Flawed Organizational Metaphor for Fire Fighting A metaphor seeps deeply into organizational narratives because the metaphor is a way of seeing. Once established it becomes a filter through which participants both old and new see their reality. Soon enough the metaphor becomes the reality. If you use the football metaphor you would think that the fire department ran a series of set plays; finite, divisible, independent actions.You could also assume that at the end of these short segments of violent action, everyone stopped, set up the next plan and then acted again. A metaphor fails when it does not accurately reflect core organizational processes. The football metaphor fails because fires are extinguished in one, essentially, contiguous action, not a series of set plays. There are no designated times for decision making in firefighting and certainly no timeouts, though my aging bones might wish that there were.(Charles Bailey, Metaphors Mask Realities of Firefighting. FireRescue1, Feb. 16, 2010)

Assignment /4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

/4 - Assignment Example No matter how good grammatical and phonetic skills of a speaker are, without developed lexical skills it is hard to build sentences and comprehend messages, whether oral or written. When one learns a new word and starts using it in speech, he/she might notice that this word appears more often in oral and written contexts. This phenomenon is not unique to learners of a second language and frequently happens in ones native language context as well. In case a learner starts using new word often he/she cant help ignoring the new word in every cluster of speech that contains the word. The thing is the new word could have been often overlooked by the learner before he/she fully understood the meaning of the word and learned to identify different connotations of such a word within a specific context. In my opinion, noticing the new word more often, both in oral and written contexts, depends largely on the learners perception. A learner starts recognizing the new word and pays attention to its specific meaning when he/she knows its general meaning. For instance, the word "destination" can have lots of connotations, such as a goal or a mission, but a learner frequently uses this word only in a specific context and doesnt notice using it much. Thus, one tracks the word down every time he/she experiences the new connotation of the word. This, in turn, builds up the feeling that such a word is more frequently used by other speakers than before. As a matter of fact, people always tend to identify things they know something about in the first place and neglect things they know little or nothing about. The same is true when it comes to the learning and using of new words, both in a native language and in a second language

Valued Employee Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Valued Employee Program - Essay Example ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...13 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Abstract Due to the global recession, the world is also experiencing global employability crisis especially in the country. To answer this problem, new talents must be f ound. This can be achieved by renewing business and management strategies. This would also include a program to enhance talent already in the company. Rewards and recognitions must be given either formally or informally. Other incentives may also be given. Successful implementation of these programs or strategies would contribute to the success of the company. Keywords: Rewards and recognition, valuing employees, global employability crisis Valued Employee Program Introduction â€Å"People are definitely a company's greatest asset because a company is only as good as the people it keeps.† This is a famous quote from Mary Kay Ash, a very successful American businesswoman. For a company to be a globally competitive one, it should know how to make its people competitive at the same time knowing how to keep them for long-term. This means having or discovering new talents and also giving rewards and recognitions to employees. According to Gallop (2006) as cited by Ascent Group (20 08), companies with high levels of employee satisfaction enjoyed higher return on investment. This is what our program wants to achieve. Satisfaction to the employee like rewards, recognitions, benefits, incentives, bonuses and satisfaction to the company in terms of increased sales, revenues and profits and also credibility will be achieved. Labor Force Situation As leaders transition toward growth, there is an increased focus on human capital which involves identifying and actively engaging the most critical employees, rapidly aligning the workforce around change and ensuring getting most of the dollar they spent (Aon Hewitt, 2011). Also, according to ManpowerGroup (2011), talent becomes increasingly difficult to find heading towards a global employability crisis. This means lesser assets to the company. Companies must reconsider work models and workforce strategies to execute their business strategies. Old assumptions on structure and organization of work plus the development of talent must be changed so as not to put the business in danger. These new strategies entail much effort to be put upon. It is becoming more and more difficult to find and engage the right employees (Ascent Group, 2011). Thus, more jobs are being difficult to fill. Based from the 2011 Talent Shortage Survey by the ManpowerGroup, the Top 10 Jobs Employers are Having Difficulty Filling Globally are as follows: 1) technicians; 2) sales representatives; 3) skilled trades workers; 4) engineers; 5) laborers; 6) management/executives; 7) accounting and

Plan for your Professional Development Assignment

Plan for your Professional Development - Assignment Example The stated program provides the students knowledge and skills for success which opens up a wide ranging opportunities in their lives. It is known to all professional students that the global environment of market place in constantly changing. Slowly and gradually, the global market place is becoming competitive and huge complex. Therefore, it is necessary for me to understand the courses under the program to taste success in the near future. If the opportunities are taken into account at first, it can be said the teachers successfully completing the course can think of a salary rise while others who are involved in educating children can stay connected with the latest trends or fashion in the market and therefore can serve the students in efficient fashion. The course will contribute in enriching the adult teaching theories as well as explore the design and implementation of the theories in the practical scenario. The focus of the course lies upon understanding the diversity as well as creating the inclusive learning environments. The course curriculum is designed for the professionals, who are interested in working with adult learners in the fields of corporate training, community as well as government agencies and post secondary institutions (Strayer, 2013). . These courses will help me to explore myself in future educational environment. Proper in-depth understanding about the coursework will help me to pursue the dream which I want to attain in the near future. Education is always treated as a noble job and when it comes to teaching adults in the various academic o the corporate arena, then it lures up much more excitement. Answer 2: Assessment of Knowledge, skills and experience The course period will provide me a thorough understanding of the adult learning theory. It will also contribute in analyzing the impact of adult learning on the community as a whole and on the society. It will provide me the requisite knowledge to develop and design the institutio nal content that incorporates the theory relating to adult leaning as well as meet the learning goals. The course content and the curriculum are highly effective to strengthen the communication skills to effectively deliver the content and keep the learners interested in a variety of settings. It is important to keep the interests of the learners intact for any learning course. The analytical plans will laid out the format to deliver effective teaching modules. The familiarity with the online teaching systems will contribute in habituating the learners with the online method and facilitate the adult learning. Proper understanding of theories and practices will help me to increase my level of knowledge, skills and experience. High level of knowledge, skills and experience will help me to increase my number of strengths in order to solve several critical and real time practical issues and problems within the environment (Adair, 2013). Data Analysis (Presentation), Conduct Market Resea rch (Lead a Department) and Detect Problems or Error (Organize Programs) are three major strengths that can be applied to current or future educational environment. The adult education theories and the case studies will significantly increase my level of practical understanding. Moreover, this educational process will help me create knowledge, skills

Religion and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Religion and Society - Essay Example This led to the conclusion that Protestantism in Europe helped to shape capitalism thereby having a profound effect on economic systems across Europe. I hold the opinion that religion and economy are closely linked and both have a major contribution in the society. Religion affects how people relate with each other and themselves, thereby having a huge impact on the views, opinions and beliefs of individuals with regard to other activities that they are engaged in within their societies. These opinions, worldviews and beliefs are then transferred in business where people exchange goods and services using recognized media of exchange. Religious values such as love, respect, trust hard work and other doctrines such as salvation, sin and predestination also shape how people view ownership, use and disposal of property (Johnstone, 2007). Religion encourages people to be diligent and take care of the surroundings in a way that pleases the Supreme Being, through hard work. Max Weber, realizing the influence of religion on individuals sought to analyze how such influence affected how individuals perceived the economy and business in general. In his theory, Max Weber attempts to elucidate the emergence of Europe and its uniqueness as a dominant economic force globally. Protestantism forms the core of his theory on the origins of capitalism as a major economic model. Capitalism emerged in the 17th century; concurrently with the Protestant reformation, that was taking place in Europe (Johnstone, 2007). During this time, religion was very important to most people and had a lot of influence in their actions and ways of thinking. According to Weber, capitalism began from religion and not from any technological developments that had started springing in the society at the time. Calvinist religions in Germany in particular were very fundamental in shaping the economic system in Germany and across Europe. Weber believed that the work ethic of

The experience of inactive nurses returned to nursing after completing Article - 1

The experience of inactive nurses returned to nursing after completing a refresher course - Article Example ongruence, analytical and integrative preciseness, philosophical or theoretical connectedness and heuristic relevance, as proposed by Burns and Grove (2007). Vividness. Clear statements about the purpose of the study, as well as, its significance are very crucial is writing research. Aside from the fact that these components are in the front line of a research paper, it is essential that is proponents underscore the rationale why such study be pursued. Upon reviewing the article â€Å"The Experience of Inactive Nurses Returned to Nursing after Completing a Refresher Course†, it can be observed that the author has stated the study purpose (page 359-360) in a direct, clear and measurable way. However, the significant of the study was not presented. The studys significance is supposed to explain how the research produces an original contribution to nursings body of knowledge. Without a strong theoretical Methodological Congruence. In this portion, a recruitment strategy is very necessary; it is a project-specific plan intended for identifying and enrolling the target people to participate in a research study and the plan must specify criteria for the screening of potential participants or the number of people who will be recruited, their location, as well as the approach to be employed (Mack, Woodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey, 2005; p. 6). In the research article, the authors were able to describe their background as nursing graduates, which is a good manifestation of their expertise in the chosen topic. They describe further who the participants are and how many they were, base on the study’s research objectives and the characteristics of the research. The author also emphasized the step-by-step procedures in contacting the participants and identified their specific locations. There was also a clear demonstration of ethical considerations in research conduct. Any investiga tor who conducts research involving human participants needs to uphold protection of

WaterAid International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

WaterAid International - Essay Example In 2012, The Big Dig request gets unimaginable help and raises more than  £2m for our work in country Malawi, bringing clean water and safe sanitation to more than 134,000 individuals. The cash and backing has likewise helped them to impact strategy and practice to guarantee that the imperative part of water, cleanliness and sanitation in diminishing neediness is distinguished universally 1.2 Company Structure WaterAid worldwide is our worldwide legislation structure that organizes the exercises of WaterAid part nations (see note 14 of the Financial Statements for the records of WaterAid universal for the year finished 31 March 2013). In 2012-13, WaterAid was made up of four part nations: the UK, America, Australia and Stheyden (Watercan, an autonomously legislated NGO in Canada, joined in July 2013). WaterAid UK, America, Australia and Stheyden are all autonomously constituted associations with their Boards and Chief Executives. A year ago, WaterAid UK kept on putting resources into WaterAid worldwide to backing the development of Stheyden and our start-up in Japan where an agent was named throughout the year. They likewise put resources into the running expenses of WaterAid universal, and in supporting WaterAid America and WaterAid Australia as they expand their commitments to the accomplishment of the Global Strategy.

The experience of inactive nurses returned to nursing after completing Article - 1

The experience of inactive nurses returned to nursing after completing a refresher course - Article Example ongruence, analytical and integrative preciseness, philosophical or theoretical connectedness and heuristic relevance, as proposed by Burns and Grove (2007). Vividness. Clear statements about the purpose of the study, as well as, its significance are very crucial is writing research. Aside from the fact that these components are in the front line of a research paper, it is essential that is proponents underscore the rationale why such study be pursued. Upon reviewing the article â€Å"The Experience of Inactive Nurses Returned to Nursing after Completing a Refresher Course†, it can be observed that the author has stated the study purpose (page 359-360) in a direct, clear and measurable way. However, the significant of the study was not presented. The studys significance is supposed to explain how the research produces an original contribution to nursings body of knowledge. Without a strong theoretical Methodological Congruence. In this portion, a recruitment strategy is very necessary; it is a project-specific plan intended for identifying and enrolling the target people to participate in a research study and the plan must specify criteria for the screening of potential participants or the number of people who will be recruited, their location, as well as the approach to be employed (Mack, Woodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey, 2005; p. 6). In the research article, the authors were able to describe their background as nursing graduates, which is a good manifestation of their expertise in the chosen topic. They describe further who the participants are and how many they were, base on the study’s research objectives and the characteristics of the research. The author also emphasized the step-by-step procedures in contacting the participants and identified their specific locations. There was also a clear demonstration of ethical considerations in research conduct. Any investiga tor who conducts research involving human participants needs to uphold protection of

Seductive Powers of Women in the Medieval Era Essay Example for Free

Seductive Powers of Women in the Medieval Era Essay Women of the medieval genre employed sexual prowess to manipulate and gain control of their men. This was their only means of power in an otherwise powerless role as a female. Chaucer and de France portray in their poems the female’s struggle for power and dominance in relationships and the use of sexuality to achieve that goal. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue exploits a woman’s endeavor for power over men and the wicked measures she employs. The wife, the protagonist of The Wife of Bath’s Prologue, bragged of her successful manipulation resulting in having had five husbands. This power of persuasion, also noted in The Canterbury Tales General Prologue, â€Å"Of remedies of love she knew parchaunce, For she coude of that at the olde daunce,† which exclaims the wife’s familiarity with the art of love. (477, 478) The character of the wife used powerful seduction as the main means of manipulation, but she also beguiled them into guilt in order to get what she wanted from them. Ultimately, as depicted in by the wife’s own admission, â€Å"Namely abedde hadden they meschaunce, Ther wolde I chide and do hem no plesaunce†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (403,404), it was in the bedroom where she wielded her best feats, teasing them and refusing to bring them to sexual satisfaction until they promised to give into her plea for money- a cunning way in which she made her men submissive. Chaucer depicts the wife as a feminist character who is debauching in one sense, yet she contradicts that very essence by only having sex with her husbands when she wanted money from them. Ironically, she confesses to being the fondest of, and loving only her fifth husband, whom she could not control. The fifth husband, some 20 years younger, satirically reverses roles of the wife and her previous husbands by using the same manipulative schemes on her that she previously used on other men. Husband number five dominates the wife and alludes to her that he is aware of her wicked ways by reading to her from a book of stories of the most wicked, deceitful wives in history. Even though husband number five demonstrated more control over her than any of her previous husbands, she still managed to use her sexual talents to convince him to sign over his estate to her. Not only did Chaucer suggest the use of sexual temptations as tools for women used to obtain power in their domain, Marie de France also hinted to a similar use of sexuality in Lanval. de France’s Lanval depicts analogous use of beauty and sexuality by the queen as she seduced the protagonist, Lanval. Lanval was the object of a different seductress, one with the power of royalty. The queen used words of love along with her beauty and body to manipulate and seduce Lanval, evoking the pathos of love in him. Because of her position as queen, she demanded secrecy of her adulterous affair, which served as her means of control over Lanval. He had no choice but to agree to her demand of silence if he desired more favors from her. He eventually rejected her, which in turn infuriated her, therefore subjecting him to her bitter wrath as she sought to ruin him in an attempt to lessen the pain of rejection. In this poem the seductress doesn’t desire money, for she had all that she needed, but nonetheless she used her sexuality to obtain her desire, which is in this case was sex with Lanval. Sweet seduction manifested by soft-spoken, sweet words of love along with lust for the female body have lured men into the manipulative ways of women for centuries. Women have sought the dominance they so desired over their men with the only means of power they’ve had – and with much success. The works of Chaucer and deFrances illustrate the desire women have had for power throughout the ages.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Web Databases Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Web Databases Information Technology Essay In this chapter, the results of initial investigations and analysis carried out in order to determine the requirements that which is needed of the system by its future users, is outlined. Firstly, we take a look at the initial background research and its findings in relation to the topic. Secondly, this chapter then goes on to discuss the methodology and development tools chosen to develop the application. Finally, the requirements specification of the system is outlined including the users requirements both functional and non-functional that have been the guide in the development of the system. 2.1 Background Research and Analysis As part of the initial stages of the project, investigations were carried out into the background of the topic area of web based applications since the application that has been developed is in itself a web-based database application as well as into the possible expectations and needs that users would require of such a system. Besides research in various pieces of literature and the internet, informal interviews were also carried out with users of similar known system, in order to get a better understanding of what users of such a system would come to expect as part of developing a requirements specification. 2.1.1 Background Research Findings Within the last decade, the rapid evolution of the internet has opened the door for organisations to take advantage of its benefits as a means to improve their operating efficiency, lower cost and ultimately give themselves a competitive advantage over their competitors. Web based applications are increasingly being used to handle tasks done by traditional applications such as data storage and transaction applications. With regard to data storage, ****} Being web-based, web applications have significant benefits over their traditional counterparts but with being web based also come many challenges for developers due mainly to their dynamic nature. This is due to rapidly changing technologies, frequent changes of user requirements, and dynamic aspects of the software technologies (Wu Offutt). In development of these applications, developers must ensure that they are very reliable, exhibit very high usability as well as security (Wu Offutt). In comparison to their traditional software counterparts, web applications must be developed to be available at all times; they must be maintainable given the rapid evolution of technology and most importantly, as they are based on the internet, they must be highly scalable to facilitate a global market and ready to grow in terms of servers, services, and customers very quickly. (Wu Offutt) Web-based database applications, being web apps themselves, are no exception. The web as a platform for database systems according to Connelly Begg (2005) can deliver innovative solutions for both inter- and intra- company business operations but also has its disadvantages. Advantages and Disadvantages of Web Databases according to Connelly Begg(2005) Advantages Disadvantages Simplicity: They are easy to develop, as HTML upon which they are based is easy to learn and use. Cross Platform support: Being web-based, they are not confined to any particular OS platform as they are accessible via web browsers. Standardization: With HTML being a standard on all browsers, HTML documents can be read from any machine in the world. Scalable Deployment Reliability: The internet is currently an unreliable and slow communication medium. At times servers can be down and a message may be delayed to be sent. Also at peak time when its is significantly slow. Security: Security is of great concern especially when the organisation makes its databases accessible on the web. Cost Limited Functionality of HTML: Some highly interactive database applications may not be converted easily to web based applications, while still providing the same user friendliness. 2.1.2. Problem Analysis Based on observations from the daily operations of the MIS department with regard to problem tracking, the basic operations can be summarized as shown in the rich picture below*******} 2.1.3. Interview Analysis During the investigation carried out, informal interviews were carried out with individuals who interact with similar systems to the one proposed. The questions used in these interviews can be found in Appendix A. Both individuals who were interviewed use web-based help desk applications that are installed on their respective companys network as an application accessible via web browsers. See figure 1 below for a screenshot of one these applications. FIGURE 1 Unicenter ServicePlus A web based help desk application used by one of the technicians interviewed. While these users describes these ********************} 2.2 Development Methodology Selection of the most appropriate methodology for development is important for the success of the project. This is due to the fact that using an inappropriate methodology can lead to issues such as cost overruns as a result of poor project management, project incompletion or the development of the wrong functionality to incorrect specifications. The methodology selected for the development of the system would be the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This methodology was selected because it is one of the most stable methodologies with minimum risk. Also, the development approach to be used would be that of the Waterfall Life Cycle model which is ideal for inexperienced developers. (Weaver 2004) It was also selected due to its simplicity. The system was modelled with the use of ER Diagrams as well as Use Case diagrams. Use case diagrams were used as they are one of the best modelling tools that give an idea on how the system will operate in relation to how the users would interact with it. It also gives a clear idea of who the users of the system would be and the various views. 2.3 Development Tools Crucial to the development of the application, is the selection of the right programming tools. As such, since the application is a web-based database solution, it was necessary to select the software tool that could be best used as the foundation for the web-based database. The database tools considered were MySQL, MS Access and Oracle Database 10g Express. The table below shows a comparison between these three:- In the end, the database tool selected was Oracle Database 10g Express Edition which was chosen because of its ease to use and learn. Another plus to this application is its web readiness which makes it easy to host online, a crucial requirement for the application once completed. The downside******} 2.4 Requirement Specification The system was developed to support 3 levels of users, namely: Managers General Users Technicians Each Functional Requirements According to Weaver(2004), Functional requirements are those that define in some detail what the system needs to do. The functional requirements from the users point of view are as follows: The General user or Employee should be able to:- Register and Login using Username and Password Authentication Add a problem View Solved Problems Change and Update personal information The Technical Support Manager should be able to:- Login using Username and Password Authentication View and reply to Problems Assign Problems to Technicians Add, Update or Delete System Users View solve problems and add remarks Add or Update Supplier information View Technician details Review Resource History Reset User Passwords View jobs Done The Technician should be able to:- Register and Login using Username and Password Authentication Search and View Problems Assigned View Jobs done View Work Queue Add, Append, Delete Job History Record Work done Update personal information Change password Other Functional Requirements include:- Data This is the lifeline of the system and is therefore one of the most important aspects of the system. The data that the system would use are:- Resources (allocated Hardware and Software) and their unique information such as its serial number, date of purchase, supplier, license details (for software resources), current location (a room number) and the resource type (e.g. Hewlett Packard T540 Imaging Package, or Microsoft Windows XP Professional 2002 Service Pack 1). Problems reported by Employees Information recorded once a job is complete by a technician. Processing This includes the processing of problems reported by Employees, and the allocation of jobs to Technicians based on the problems by the Technical Support Manager. User Interface According to Weaver (2004), the user interface of a system should be: Simple Made for the User Consistent Non-Functional Requirements According to Weaver(2004), non-functional requirements describe the performance and constraints that the system should meet. The non-functional requirements are: Usability: The user interface must be consistent and user friendly while ensuring maximum efficiency while users navigate through the application. Availability: the system must be available at all times during working hours. Access: Users would be restricted according to their user type or level. Users will require a Username and Password to access the system. Capacity: the system must be capable of holding large volumes of data, specifically complaints as well as solutions.

Reproductive Fantasy is Burning :: Fire Novels Literature Fantasy Essays

Reproductive Fantasy is Burning Of fire, what can be written that would not be better off singed, immolated, baked, or outright burnt? Flame of the match lights a watch. Dancing embers of destruction hide records, burn bodies and papers. Glistening radiance of torches light the way through the night of Victorian horror and fantasy. Fire is lively (it breathers, it takes in, it puts out, it moves, it grows, and it makes more) yet takes away life (defined by the same characteristics.) Everywhere it is fire. Suddenly, away on our left I saw a faint flickering blue flame. The driver saw it at the same moment. He at once checked the horses, and, jumping to the ground, disappeared into the darkness. I did not know what to do, the less as the howling of the wolves grew closer. But while I wondered, the driver suddenly appeared again, and without a word took his seat, and we resumed our journey. I think I must have fallen asleep and kept dreaming of the incident, for it seemed to be repeated endlessly, and now looking back, it is like a sort of awful nightmare. Once the flame appeared so near the road, that even in the darkness around us I could watch the driver's motions. He went rapidly to where the blue flame arose, it must have been very faint, for it did not seem to illumine the place around it at all, and gathering a few stones, formed them into some device. Once there appeared a strange optical effect. When he stood between me and the flame he did not obstruct it, for I could see its ghostly flicker all the same. This startled me, but as the effect was only momentary, I took it that my eyes deceived me straining through the darkness. Then for a time there were no blue flames, and we sped onwards through the gloom, with the howling of the wolves around us, as though they were following in a moving circle. Deception from the eyes, hoarding of the light by the intensity of a blue flame, repetition of unqualified flickering fire. The undead Dracula is fiercely alive, in his metabolism, reproduction and movement. Making his rules and carving his possibilities for life, inasmuch as he has agency to begin with, it is one which forms and informs its own possibility.

Religious Symbols in Society: Church vs. State Essay -- Religion

In our daily lives, without even recognizing it, there are religious symbols present all around us. If we are carrying money, â€Å"In God We Trust† is a religious symbol that is present on our currency. If we happen to say the pledge of allegiance we are saying â€Å"one nation under God† which alludes to God and the Catholic religion. Around the holidays, there are Christmas decorations present everywhere, which are religious symbols of the Catholic faith. None of these things seem bad or harmful to anyone in any way. They are not harming anyone. Are they? Well, they are not harming anyone directly, but have impacted people because it is through the presence of these symbols that neglects all other religions and is feeding into the issue of the ongoing church versus state argument for separation. Religious symbols are aspects of all different religions that strengthen faith, promote certain beliefs, and represent the fundamentals of that specific religion. According to Furst’s article on the use of physical religious symbols, â€Å"As beings that are both body and spirit, humans use symbols in order to perceive and to grasp realities that are not empirical. As social beings, humans use symbols to communicate with others,† (p 2). But, there are many issues that arise when these symbols are involved and existing in the media, the state, our government, and the public. Mainly this is because symbols are truly powerful and represent controversies that come along with different religions. Furst also states that, â€Å"symbols play a powerful role in the transmission of the culture of human society,† (p 2). If religious symbols transmit culture into society, then people in our society are going to pay very close attention to what symbols are present... ... Case may Determine Direction of Church-State Law." Church & State 62.10 (2009): 220-2. Web. Boston, Rob. "Prayers, Preaching & Public Schools: Religious Right Activists use Wide Variety of Tactics to Evangelize in the Classroom." Church & State 62.10 (2009): 223-6. Web. Furst, Lyndon G., and Stephen J. Denig. "The use of Physical Symbols to Transmit Culture in Religious Schools: A Comparison of Adventist and Catholic Schools in America." Journal of Empirical Theology 18.1 (2005): 1-21. Web. Stevenson, Dwight Eshelman. "Religious Symbols and Religious Communication." Lexington Theological Quarterly 1.3 (1966): 69-79. Web. "Wandering in the Desert: Justice Scalia's Dangerous Plan to Secularize the Cross." Church & State 62.10 (2009): 230-318. Web. Zenit. "Christmas Symbols Not Welcome in Many U.S. Classrooms " National Catholic Register 77.51 (2001) Print.

Reaction Paper Leadership Essay

Leaders are made and not born. Leadership skills can be thought to anyone who is willing and given an opportunity to lead an organization. It is important have someone to continue the goals of a company. There are some qualities a great leader should have: Be strong when you are week – This is very important for developing a leader. You need to give them the opportunity to grow strong and they will learn from their own experience in leadership especially when a leader is weak, he has no choice but to become strong. Be brave when you are scared – Risks are very essential in business. You need to be brave to take risks. In developing a leader, it might be risky because they might fail their tasks but learning takes time and someone needs to experience failure in order to succeed. Be humble when you are victorious – Executive leaders don’t shout their success, instead they remain humble and silent. The more you show your achievements, the more people will env y you and will try to destroy you. A few days ago, I had this opportunity to attend a gathering with successful salesman. We played dice game and everyone is aiming for the first price. Theirs this one man beside me, he said that he didn’t want to get the first price because he didn’t want too much greedy, any price will do. I knew this guy as a successful man but he dress and live very simple. The moral lesson I learned is that you don’t need to be greedy and live elegant in life, you just need to stay humble. As a leader, you need to stay humble to your employees. The business world is very crucial place and having too much pride and envy will not earn you anything. Sometimes when the company has too much greediness, they will became impromptu in investing without thinking further and this might became the cause of their downfall. Look at the mirror and not on the window – a great leader don’t need to hear negative feedbacks form others, they look at their self and improve. Other people might tell you that you can’t achieve anything in life or other people will judge you. The important is that you know yourself that you can reach you goals and if ever they judge your capabilities, prove it to them that their wrong. You can’t  explain to everyone that why they shouldn’t judge you, instead make this as your motivation to change other’s belief on you. A great leader is honest of what he/she is capable of. You don’t need to pretend of what you have and promise to a person, you will just break people’s trust on you. Trust is your most important assent – Great companies expands and continually growing because of the people who trust them. They use this trust to get investors and stock holders. They trust this companies that they will became successful someday. Leaders need to gain trust from their employees. If your employee’s don’t trust you, they will not follow your advice and your commands.

Solubility Curves

Water Chemical formula- H2O State at room temperature- Liquid Colour- Clear Melting point- 0oC Boiling point- 100oC Water- good solvent and a range of substances will dissolve in it. What happens when a sugar lump dissolves in water? When the sugar dissolves†¦ -The moving water molecules crash into the sugar particles -The sugar particles then break away from the crystal and into the water -The sugar and water particles then mix and diffuse evenly throughout.Copper sulphate- blue crystals, hydrated because they have water trapped within them. When they are heated this water evaporates, the crystals become dehydrated and turn white. Equation for this Reaction. CuSo4 5H2O —> CuSo4 + 5H2O Solute- Solid which is dissolving Solvent- liquid in which the solute dissolves Solution- the solute and solvent mixed together Sodium hydroxide- Soluble Copper Oxide- insoluble Calcium hydroxide- Insoluble Silver iodide- insoluble Aluminium nitrate- solubleMost ionic substances will dissol ve in water but covalent substances usually wont dissolve. Solubility of a solute = mass of a solid required to a saturate 100g of water at a particular temperature. Calculating Solubility 2g potassium chlorate dissolves in 20g water at 28oC what is its solubility? 2 x 100/20 = 10. 0g potassium chlorate/100g water 4g potassium sulphate dissloves in 30g water at 50oC what is its solubilty? 4 x 100/30 = 13. 33g potassium sulphate/100g water 0g sodium chloride dissolves in 75g water at 10oC what is its solubility? 30 x 100/75 = 40g sodium chloride/100g water Solubility Of Gases Carbon dioxide is the gas which is dissolved in fizzy drinks to make the fizz. What happened when you placed sprite in a boiling tube and gave it a shake? The sprite fizzed up. What happened after you heated the sprite then gave it a shake again? If fizzed just a little Carbon dioxide is more soluble in cold liquid. The solubility of gases decreases as the temperature increases.

Critically Examine the Geopolitics of Humanitarian Aid Within the 21st Century.

Critically examine the geopolitics of humanitarian aid within the 21st century. How have responses to famine changed over time and what are the key challenges to famine prevention today? Geopolitics have played a huge role in humanitarian aid in the current century. Because humanitarian aid is largely sponsored by western countries it poses a huge problem in the form of a â€Å"parochial form of theorizing†1 that supports the interests of the richest countries of the world. For the purpose of this essay I will begin by examining the problems that have arisen in the most recent years of humanitarian aid assistance.This arises from conditional aid, whereby donor countries or organizations impose conditions in order for recipient countries to receive this aid. Followed by this is the secularization and polarization of the aid industry where organizations are constantly in competition for finite resources. Lastly the 21st century has seen foreign militaries carry out humanitarian aid missions which jeopardizes the neutrality and impartiality which is so essential in carrying out aid to anyone who is in need. Secondly this essay will look at how humanitarian aid has changed over time.For the purpose of this short essay I will look at the 1998 famine in North Korea whereby humanitarian aid was given, only under political concessions. Disguised as aid, the humanitarian assistance given to North Korea was used as a political tool that undermines the fundamental ideas of humanitarian aid. The basic theorizations of humanitarianism put a deep emphasis on adherence to principles of impartiality and neutrality and assistance based solely on need. Adherence to these principles has been the biggest problems of humanitarian aid over its history, but never more so than in the 21st century.Aid in recent years has been based on conditionality which essentially means that in order for nations to receive aid, these nations have to adopt conditions that that the donor nation imposes. This means that aid is not offered on the basis of those who need it, but is based on policy that supports the donors giving aid. Therefore critics see these policies, although framed as humanitarian in principle, as very far removed from humanitarian. In essence it is foreign policy that is advantageous to the donor. Some such policies that come from conditionality are trade liberalization, that can ruin domestic economies and increase unemployment, and capital account liberalization that would open less developed economies to investments from multi-national corporations. Such investments have little impact on the majority of people in these countries and generally only benefit the corporations themselves and a small group of elites in the recipient countries. This supply of aid, especially in the events of crisis is in complete contrast to the fundamental principles of humanitarian aid. One of the most problematic concerns of aid in the last ten years has been the politi cization and secularization of the aid industry. Over the last twenty five years humanitarian aid has become heavily institutionalized. This has led to more effective logistics and delivery systems. However it has also created institutions that are perhaps not so concerned with providing aid to those in need, but acting in the interests of governments or big businesses that are the donors of the resources. Humanitarian organizations such as NGO’s and now foreign military forces are often in competition with local organizations which has led to valuable resources being wasted because of constant competition for aid . 5Because of this, NGO’s neutrality (one of the most fundamental principles of humanitarian aid) is severely compromised because the boundaries between relief and development, war and peace and political objectives are not easily defined.Thus, NGO’s in these most recent years have struggled to adhere to the basic humanitarian principles of providing t o those most in need because their ideals are compromised by the secularization and politicization of aid organizations. 6 Perhaps one of the most fundamental problems of humanitarian aid in the 21st century is the fact that it is often no longer carried out by NGO’s, but is in fact coordinated by foreign military forces. In cases such as Iraq and Afghanistan the United States military assumed a huge role for the distribution of disaster and humanitarian assistance alongside their military objectives.If foreign militaries are carrying out humanitarian aid alongside military objectives, then there is no way that aid can be supplied to whoever is in need in ways that are impartial, neutral and independent. This new system whereby foreign militaries are responsible for supplying aid has created huge security problems for not only the military, but for the people who are receiving aid. Opposing factions to foreign military time and time again in Afghanistan and Iraq have targeted civilians receiving aid to further their own agenda. These are the problems that exist in the humanitarian aid industry today, but these problems have developed over a course of many years and responses to famine and humanitarian disasters have evolved over time. Thirty years ago disaster relief and humanitarian aid were not considered to be of huge significance on a geopolitical scale. During the 70’s and 80’s although humanitarian crisis existed, the geopolitics was more focused on the cold war and respecting the sovereignty of nation states.Although crisis in Africa, East Pakistan and Guatemala (to name a few) were made aware to the international community , they were sidelined by the real political concerns defined by the cold war. Throughout the 1970’s, 1980’s and even the 1990’s international opinion and more importantly international law, respected the fact that governments, even of highly prone man-made and natural disasters had the respon sibility, will, interest and ability to protect their own citizens.Any humanitarian aid that was given in these years was seen as assistance to these governments to look after their own citizens. Essentially 25 years ago, the concept of ‘humanitarian intervention’ without the concurrence of the affected state would not have been considered and certainly would not have been sanctioned by the United Nations or the International Community. 8 Since the 1980’s humanitarian aid and responses to famine have changed not only in thought, but institutionally.In the mid 1980’s there were approximately 280 governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental aid organizations. Today that number is over 1000. As well as this huge expansion of organizations there has been a dramatic increase in aid expenditure. In the last two decades humanitarian assistance has tripled from approximately two billion to six billion dollars. 9 Because of this huge increase in the funding of aid the competition between organizations can sometimes have disastrous consequences because the organizations are competing for finite resources.This is increased by for profit organizations that are competing for lucrative humanitarian and development contracts. Many donors of aid motives are not for the needs of the people that are in need of these resources but are aligned with domestic considerations or international interests that are a world apart from the specific needs of those people affected by disaster or emergency. 10 The famine of North Korea in 1998 is a perfect example of conditional humanitarian aid, and how it is driven not by humanitarian principle, but a clever tool for geopolitical gains.The North Korean famine shows how humanitarian aid today has changed to become an important political tool in contrast to two decades ago whereby any humanitarian crisis was sidelined because of the geopolitical context of the cold war. 9 In times of famine it is important t o emphasize that the likelihood of a starving nation to accept emergency aid under any condition means that conditional aid can be seen as a political tool to establish a diplomatic, political or even military presence under the disguise of humanitarian aid. 11 This was such the case in the North Korean famine.From 1995-1998 North Korea was hit by a series of national disasters that resulted in a large scale famine. Rough estimates say that by 1998 North Korea lacked about two million tones of grain needed to feed its people. According to the world food program the rate of moderate to severe malnutrition of children in North Korea was about sixty per cent by mid 1998. 12 By mid 1998 the United States and South Korea realized that it could use the famine in North Korea as a political tool to penetrate the isolated North and offer aid on terms that benefited themselves.The United States and South Korea offered food aid on terms that North Korea had to enter into reunification and peac e talks and not break out of the 1994 agreed framework designed to end the North’s nuclear program. If the North refused to adhere to these conditions, no food aid would be given. Another condition was that the shipments of aid would be covered with stickers and logos from the United States and South Korea. Although this may seem insignificant it was a huge propaganda tool for the donor powers.It could serve as an undermining of the North Korean regime that had told its people for decades that the South and the United States were undermining their nation. 13 The slow response to give aid put the US and South Korea in a strategically advantageous situation to further its political goals. If North Korea didn’t accept United States conditions the famine would continue and the possibility of an internal break down of the state increased. If the North accepted the terms on which the donors offered, the aid functioned as an important political tool.It meant North Korea had t o give concessions and that the people of North Korea could see the failure of its regime and the kindness of the western powers that they had been told for so long were there enemies. Thus, humanitarian aid was not offered to support those people starving, but was rather used as a political tool to further the donor states own political agendas under the guise of humanitarian aid. In actual fact, the aid was so far removed from what humanitarian aid in its purest sense really was. 4 So much was this aid seen as a political tool that in 1998 the South Korean government banned non governmental groups from fundraising to support those starving in the North. 15 This is undeniable proof that political aims were the underlying focus of the ‘conditional aid’ rather than aid to help the starving North Korean population that was stricken by famine. The key challenges to famine prevention today are huge and include a combination of factors that are not easily unchanged.First of all, humanitarian aid is now such a lucrative industry that competition for contracts means that organizations are in constant competition for finite resources, the resources that are needed in times when famine strikes. Secondly, as long as foreign militaries carry out some humanitarian aid then the adherence to neutrality and impartiality that is so fundamental to the aid process is essentially undermined. Military goals will always be aligned alongside objectives that are not necessarily aligned with those of starving people.And finally, as long as conditional aid is used as a political tool, then humanitarian aid faces huge challenges. In a time when people need aid, if governments are focused on geopolitical goals and furthering their own agendas rather than helping those in times of famine then humanitarian aid is essentially a guise and is merely a political tool for donor governments to use to further their own agendas. 1 Robinson, J. (2003) ‘Postcolonising geography: tactics and pitfalls' Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography p273 2 When does aid conditionally work?Gabriella R Montinola. Studies in comparative international development, vol 45, 2010, pp 358-362 3 ibid (same ref as above) 4 International Human Crisis: two decades before and two decades beyond. Randolf C Kent. International Affairs Volume 80, issie 5, 2004 p 851-870 5 Aaltola, M. – Responding to emergencies and fostering development: the dilemmas of humanitarian aid Third world planning review. – Liverpool University Press. – 0142-7849   Vol. 22(1), 2000, p. 111-112 6 International Human Crisis: two decades before and two decades beyond. Randolf C Kent.International Affairs Volume 80, issie 5, 2004 pp 851-870 7International Human Crisis: two decades before and two decades beyond. Randolf C Kent. International Affairs Volume 80, issie 5, 2004 851-870 8 Reshaping humanitarian assistance in the twenty first century. Tim O’Dempsey and Barry Munslow. Pro gress in Development Studies 2009 9:1 pp 1-2 9 Randolf C Kent. Pp 851-870 10 Aaltola, M. – Responding to emergencies and fostering development: the dilemmas of humanitarian aid Third world planning review. – Liverpool University Press. – 0142-7849   Vol. 22(1), 2000, p. 111-112 11. G.M Guess. The Politics of United States Foreign Aid, London: Croom Helm, 1987, p3 12 Lischer, Sarah Kenyon. Dangerous Sanctuaries:  Refugee Camps, Civil War, And the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid. Cornwell University Press. 2006. Pp 3-9 13 Emergency Food Aid as a Means of Political Persuasion in the North Korean Famine Mika Aaltola Third World Quarterly  , Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr. , 1999), p 374 14 Emergency Food Aid as a Means of Political Persuasion in the North Korean Famine Mika Aaltola Third World Quarterly  , Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr. , 1999), pp 372- 386 15 Korean Herald, 13 May, 1997

The Judiciary role in the Criminal Justice System Term Paper

The Judiciary role in the Criminal Justice System - Term Paper Example The criminal justice system is comprised of three major components that work together in tandem to see the criminal justice process through from beginning to end (Torres, eHow.com). The three major components in the criminal justice system are: 1) the law enforcement, 2) the courts, and 3) the corrections. The law enforcement component is considered the head of the system since its divisions are the ones responsible for finding and capturing individuals who defies the constitution. The judiciary comes in next as they make sure that offenders or suspects are given fair trial until proven guilty. They are the ones who balance the evidences submitted by the prosecution and defense for their own arguments. They are the ones who face the dilemma on deciding the verdict for certain circumstances. â€Å"In the courtroom judges have a vital role in creating a forum where those finding themselves in the justice system recognize the Court provides the framework within which individuals will g et protection, redress and resolution of disputes and conflicts that cannot be effectively and peacefully settled elsewhere.† It is also said that the judiciary's foremost role as the third branch of the government is to defend and uphold the United States Constitution and assure the rule of law prevails (Ladner, 2000). The judiciary’s role in the criminal justice system is to be fair, firm and calm. Fair because they will be hearing 2 sides of a story which they need to decide who is telling the truth. They should be unbiased and not let their emotions dictate what they should think towards certain issues. Everybody should be treated equally. Sometimes amongst all the factors that are present, the emotional factor is the one that affects the fairness of a judge which should not be the case. This is where the judges or jurors should be firm on their decisions. They should disregard their emotions and be firm on their decision. This should be done so that they can uphold what is in the constitution and not give verdicts that are just dictated by one’s emotions or gut feel. Calmness should also be present so that information would be properly presented and discussed. The judiciary makes sure that the constitution is being implemented correctly. The constitution is not to be used to abuse anybody or to be violated by anyone. Seems to be easy yet it is a tough job. There are certain people who believe that they are above the law. The judiciary system is the one who put their egos back to the ground and make them realize that they are not above the law. A member of the judiciary should always be like Themis, the Roman goddess of Justice, blindfolded so that political or class status of the people involved in a trial cannot affect the decisions made. In addition, equality should be strictly practiced as symbolized by the scales that the statue is holding. Let the facts that are presented be the ones put on the scale to judge whether one is guilty or not. It is not the role of the judiciary to be on one side against the other. Upholding the constitution is believed to be the primary role of the judiciary. Reform starts in the judiciary. It may convict or acquit suspects from the most celebrated cases to the simplest ones. Yet the main role remains the same which is making sure that what has been written by law should be followed by